Who may rightly defend Chris Rollston?

Police holding back protesters

Photo by Michal Zacharzewski via stock.xchng.

Many Higgaion readers will already have found themselves knee-deep (or deeper) in the brouhaha surrounding Christopher Rollston’s article “The Marginalization of Women: A Biblical Value We Don’t Like to Talk About” (Huffington Post, August 31, 2012). I admit that when I finished my first reading of Chris’s article (the same day it was published), I didn’t give it much additional thought—Chris didn’t break any new ground in the piece. He simply reported, to a mass audience, things that biblical scholars should already know. But then Paul Blowers, Chris’s colleague at Emmanuel Christian Seminary, criticized Chris for the article in a Facebook post that Paul (inadvertently?) made public … and leading bibliobloggers jumped to Chris’s defense, in turn prompting other bloggers and Paul himself to defend the criticism.

I’ve watched with mounting sadness as the online argument between Chris’s critics and defenders has heated up. I’ve held back on any commentary of my own until now, largely because the last ten days or so have been so hectic that I’ve barely had time to breathe, let alone think. The dustup also reminded me, to my shame, of some of my own prior “conversations” with Jim West—and when I recently rebooted Higgaion, I pledged to myself to cultivate a kinder, gentler, more constructive, more Christian web presence. But now, on a quiet Friday afternoon, I find myself drawn back to the conversation around Chris’s HuffPo piece, albeit as a late entrant (and perhaps only in the service of my own catharsis).

Continue reading

The Bible in medieval Jewish scholarship

While I realize that many Higgaion readers are probably eager for the next installment in my discussion of inspiration, I’ve had some other business to attend to, like teaching my classes. In that connection, I’ve just published my first Slideshare presentation, on the Bible in medieval Jewish scholarship. Someday (sooner rather than later, I hope), I’ll explain more of the context for this presentation. In the meantime, I thought you might enjoy seeing it. Some of you might even have suggestions for improving it—keeping in mind that studying the slideshow is a homework assignment for traditional first-year college students, not an academic publication.

שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם

The inspiration of scripture: divine disclosure

Note: If this is your first exposure to this series, I’d appreciate it if you’d start with the introduction to the series so that you’re able to put this post in context.

The previous installment in this series cataloged those few texts in which God (or a related heavenly being such as angel) is claimed to have told someone to write something, and to have quoted to that person the exact words they should write. I concluded that discussion with the observation that “no biblical writer claims that God wrote or dictated the book they wrote, though they may claim that for very short texts that they quoted in their books.”

Various biblical texts also testify that God told somebody to write something, but didn’t tell that person exactly what words to use. These passages paint a picture related to, but noticeably different from, those passages that paint a picture of divine dictation of some short text.

Continue reading

The inspiration of scripture: divine dictation

Charlton Heston as Moses in Cecil B. DeMille’s The Ten Commandments

Charlton Heston as Moses in Cecil B. DeMille’s The Ten Commandments. © Paramount Pictures.

Note: If this is your first exposure to this series, I’d appreciate it if you’d start with the introduction to the series so that you’re able to put this post in context.

I grew up with the notion that the phrase “God inspired the Bible” was functionally equivalent to “God wrote the Bible.” In my young mind, the biblical writers were essentially stenographers, more or less taking dictation from God. In the churches that nourished my childhood faith, the phrases “the Bible says” and “God says” meant the same thing.

As it turns out, the Bible does in fact portray divine dictation as one way in which the creation of a text might be prompted and guided.

Continue reading

The inspiration of scripture: getting started

Open book with sparkly accents on black background

Photo © Olga Altunina via Fotolia.

Looks like all it takes to bring me out of hiding is a couple of posts by James McGrath. Recently, James proposed that the statement “the Bible’s authors were inspired by God” has “been the focus of an incredible amount of controversy … [as a] result of taking that phrase in something other than its normal English sense.” James then went on to ask:

There have been countless books and movies which were inspired by true events, or by the life of a particular individual, or by a song or a poem. If we say that a film was inspired by the life of Mother Theresa, we don’t mean that mother Theresa went and inserted thoughts into the mind of the filmmaker, but rather that the filmmaker found the inspiration for their film in the life of Mother Theresa.

Can we not say the same thing about the Bible’s authors in relation to God?

Continue reading

Interpreting Genesis 1 “literally”

The Triumph of St. Augustine (detail) by Claudio Coello, 1664

The Triumph of St. Augustine (detail) by Claudio Coello, 1664

Over on his Naked Bible blog a couple of weeks ago, Michael Heiser suggested that many “‘literal creationists’ are actually only selective literalists.” I agree with Mike on this (how many people who want to take Genesis 1 “literally” also want to take Psalm 74:12–17, another creation text, “literally”?). I do, however, want to explore the vocabulary of “literalism” just for a moment, bringing Mike’s post into conversation with St. Augustine.

Continue reading

Its my party, and …

Poster for the Batman movie marathon at Regal Cinemas

My 45th birthday rolled around this past Thursday. Many thanks to all of you who offered birthday well-wishes, mostly via Facebook. While I was showering after sleeping in, my family set up some birthday decorations in the kitchen. They gave me Lord of the Rings Risk: Trilogy Edition, but since they had to get it by mail, it hasnt arrived yet. We all had a simple lunch and a long game of Catan Histories: Settlers of America, Rails to Trails together. I took a nice afternoon nap, then took my family to Rubios for some tasty fish tacos. My wife and younger son, Nicholas, went back home, and I took my 14-year-old son, Nathan, to a Batman marathon at Regal Cinemas. We watched all three of Nolans Batman films, in order, completely oblivious to the tragedy in Aurora, Colorado. Nathan and I were back home and asleep by 3:30 AM. I filled up Friday and the first half of Saturday with yard work and errands, but Thursday served as a kind of mini-vacation.

שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם

Go west (with a grateful heart)

Highway sign reading “Decisions Ahead”

“Together, we will love the beach. / Together, we will learn and teach.” Sounds good to me! “Go West” © 1979 Casablanca

My family and I have finally returned home after a substantial road trip, and I definitely feel grateful to find myself back on the West Coast. However, the title of this post actually has a different point. Have you ever noticed that Pet Shop Boys’ 1993 remake of Village People’s “Go West” (1979) mirrors the opening melody in “Give Thanks” (Henry Smith, 1978)? Try singing these words to either tune:

Go west
with a grateful heart
Go west
to the holy one …

or

Give thanks
Life is peaceful there
Give thanks
in the open air …

Might a common source (Pachelbel’s “Canon in D”) explain this striking similarity?

שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם

The Exodus Decoded, reloaded

Jacobovici's imaginative 3D extrusion of the Mycenaen pendant

Simcha Jacobovici’s 3D extrusion of a Mycenaean pendant in The Exodus Decoded, allegedly proving a connection with the ark of the covenant

In 2006, the History Channel aired The Exodus Decoded, a multi-million dollar documentary by award-winning filmmaker Simcha Jacobovici, with additional backing from more famous filmmaker James Cameron. In The Exodus Decoded, Jacobovici attempted to forge firm historical and scientific links to the biblical story of the exodus. In my judgment, Jacobovici failed dramatically, and shortly after the special aired, I explained why in a long series of posts on Higgaion.

Since Higgaion fell victim to internet mischief some weeks ago, however, my analyses of The Exodus Decoded have been unavailable … until now. I’ve spent all of my blogging time for the last couple of weeks reconstructing, reformatting, reorganizing, and slightly revising my Exodus Decoded posts. Now you can relive the thrill of discovery, or whatever you felt when you first watched the show or read my reviews. Once again, you can share them with others, albeit with new URLs. I’ve reorganized the material to follow Jacobovici’s “exhibits,” making it easy for you to find exactly the material you want.

שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם

Math word problems in Biblical Hebrew

1365220 abacus

Photo © Krishnan Gopakumar via stock.xchng

Remember the word problems that you used to solve back in your grade-school math classes? I thought that simple word problems like those would serve as good exercise to help students learn, use, and retain their Biblical Hebrew numbers, so I created two sets of four word problems each. I delivered the first set online via Pepperdine’s “learning management system,” casting them as multiple-choice questions. I delivered the second set on paper so that students would need to compose their answers, and of course I expected the students to answer in Biblical Hebrew, not using Arabic numerals. If you wish, you can download the second quiz and its answer key. Three of the four questions on this quiz feature actual biblical situations, and incorporate biblical quotations either word-for-word or with minimal alteration. This quiz focuses students’ attention on larger numbers (from twenty up into the hundreds); it achieves attention to both genders of single-digit numbers primarily by including numbers that go into the hundreds. Question ג׳ involves nouns that I actually expected my students not to know (specifically, כֹּר סֹלֶת and כֹּר קָמַח), much like a grade-school word problem might ask a student to calculate how many blargs Jane has if she starts with two blargs and gets two more blargs from Tom. I intended question ד׳ as much for entertainment value in a late-semester quiz as much as for anything else; take a look and see whether I succeeded.

As usual, if you use this quiz to teach or learn Biblical Hebrew, please leave a note to that effect in the comments. Also, if you find that I’ve made any errors in the quiz, please let me know so that I can correct them. Finally, I’d receive any additional questions with great interest; perhaps some of us Hebrew teachers should put together a question bank for this sort of thing.

שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם